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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdem | om surtaŋde |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdet | ot surtaŋde |
| 3SG: | surtaŋda | ok/ogeš surtaŋde |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdena | ona/ogə̑na surtaŋde |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdeda | oda/ogə̑da surtaŋde |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdat | ogə̑t surtaŋde |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdə̑šə̑m | šə̑m surtaŋde |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdə̑šə̑č́ | šə̑č́ surtaŋde |
| 3SG: | surtaŋdə̑š | ə̑š surtaŋde |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdə̑šna | ə̑šna surtaŋde |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdə̑šda | ə̑šda surtaŋde |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdə̑št | ə̑št surtaŋde |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdenam | surtaŋden omə̑l |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdenat | surtaŋden otə̑l |
| 3SG: | surtaŋden | surtaŋden ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdenna | surtaŋden onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdenda | surtaŋden odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdenə̑t | surtaŋden ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdem ə̑l'e | om surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdet ə̑l'e | ot surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtaŋda ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdena ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdeda ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdat ə̑l'e | ogə̑t surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdem ulmaš | om surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdet ulmaš | ot surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtaŋda ulmaš | ok/ogeš surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdena ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdeda ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdat ulmaš | ogə̑t surtaŋde ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdenam ə̑l'e | surtaŋden omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdenat ə̑l'e | surtaŋden otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtaŋden ə̑l'e | surtaŋden ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdenna ə̑l'e | surtaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdenda ə̑l'e | surtaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtaŋden ə̑l'e | surtaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdenam ulmaš | surtaŋden omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdenat ulmaš | surtaŋden otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtaŋden ulmaš | surtaŋden ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdenna ulmaš | surtaŋden onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdenda ulmaš | surtaŋden odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtaŋden ulmaš | surtaŋden ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surtaŋde | it surtaŋde |
| 3SG: | surtaŋdə̑že | ə̑nže surtaŋde |
| 1PL: | (surtaŋdena) | (ona/ogə̑na surtaŋde) |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdə̑za | ida surtaŋde |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdə̑št | ə̑nə̑št surtaŋde |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdə̑nem | ə̑nem surtaŋde |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdə̑net | ə̑net surtaŋde |
| 3SG: | surtaŋdə̑neže | ə̑než surtaŋde |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdə̑nena | ə̑nena surtaŋde |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdə̑neda | ə̑neda surtaŋde |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdə̑nešt | ə̑nešt surtaŋde |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | surtaŋdə̑nem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑net surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | surtaŋdə̑neže ə̑l'e | ə̑než surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | surtaŋdə̑nena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdə̑neda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdə̑nešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt surtaŋde ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | surtaŋdə̑net ulmaš | ə̑net surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 3SG: | surtaŋdə̑neže ulmaš | ə̑než surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | surtaŋdə̑neda ulmaš | ə̑neda surtaŋde ulmaš |
| 3PL: | surtaŋdə̑nešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt surtaŋde ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | surtaŋdaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | surtaŋdə̑man |
| Active participle: | surtaŋdə̑še |
| Passive participle: | surtaŋdə̑me |
| Future-necessitive participle: | surtaŋdə̑šaš |
| Negative participle: | surtaŋdə̑də̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | surtaŋden |
| Negative gerund: | surtaŋdə̑de |
| Gerund of prior action: | surtaŋdə̑mek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | surtaŋdə̑meš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | surtaŋdə̑šə̑la |
| Nominalization: | surtaŋdə̑maš |
| Negative nominalization: | surtaŋdə̑də̑maš |
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| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||